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Water Resources Management
. 1991) combined remote sensing technology with . spatial variation using GIS reduces the uncertainty caused by spatial averaging; for example, change in the land . These applications ofGIS with water quality models enable management agencies to identify critical areas within a .
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The following paper provides a general description of geographic information systems and outlines several research attempts towards wider application and adoption of this technology in civil engineering. The literature survey covers such areas as water pollution, waste collection, soil liquefaction, slope stability and rainfall runoff applications and the adoption of suitable computing technologies for incorporation into geographic information systems. It concludes with some recommendations for areas of future research.
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Spatial dimensions need to be properly captured if modeling and engineering techniques are to be successfully applied in addressing environmental problems. GIS technologies facilitate the input of data in the form of one-or multiple-variable or GIS 'layer' sets to simulation models. The users need to develop models in application areas that are amenable to the entry of spatially distributed data. First we highlight the advance of joining component parts geographic information system and then its use in decisions connected with environmental engineering projects and the benefits of using it in this topical area. Environmental Modeling and Engineering focuses on using GIS and external models to solve real environmental problems, promoting th e critical thinking needed for the effective applications of these systems and their analytical outputs. A water management system consists of a hydrological subsystem and a subsystem that includes water management works. The hydrological subsystem can be modeled based on a digital elevation model as input, used to delineate a drainage system and then quantify the characteristics of that system. The water management works can be placed on a GIS model for solving specific problems, related both to water resouces management an to environmental engineering. Many maps made from GIS systems tend to be overloaded with information that does not have any bearing with the titles of the maps. While a GIS system may be packed up with all the information possible, a gra phic output should be purposeful and therefore selective. 658 Good decisions in drafting environmental protection can be better highlighted and taken in an informed manner if we widely use geographic information systems, which are indispensable in all fields.
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Proceedings of the Cocoa Beach Workshop
